Dokdo Takeshima Island 埮郣鵛郣 Inspector Lee Gyuwon's Survey of Ulleungdo Island

Lee Kyu Won's Inspection of Ulleungdo Island

The Historical Facts of the Dokdo - Takeshima Island Dispute

As mentioned before, link the situation on Ulleungdo was getting difficult as Japanese illegal "settlers and developers" were overwhelming the local Korean residents. The Chosun King, Gojong decided to dispatch an inspector to Ulleungdo to prepare it for settlement now that the abandoned island policy had ended. On April 7th 1882 Lee Gyuwon and King Gojong had the following briefing where the king outlined what the inspection would involve. The images below are the original documents of Gojong's conversation with Lee Gyuwon.

Lee Gyu Won's Conversation With King Gojong
A Translation of Official Chosun Records

Inspector Leekyuwon is called in to see the king before leaving for Ulleungdo.

The king gave him orders as follows:
"I hear lately that foreigners (Japanese) come and go from Ulleungdo freely without permission not paying taxes and making profit from it. I also hear that Songjukdo and Usando are neighboring islands, but it is not certain how far they are apart or what kinds of things come from these islands. Careful consideration had been given before you were assigned the tasks. Therefore, you should bear in mind while carrying out the investigation. As I am going to build a village there, you should conduct a thorough survey on a separate paper along with a map."

To this Leekyuwon responded:
"Usando refers to Ulleungdo and the name of Usan was from the capital of the country once. Regarding Songjukdo, it is an island about 30ri from Ulleungdo. It is said that Danyang trees and stalks for tobacco pipes come from this region"

To this the king says:
"Both Usando and Songjukdo can be found in the book "Tonggukyeojuseungram". Also, called Songdo, Jukdo and along with Usando these three islands are refered to as Ulleungdo. So find out about the geography of these islands. Sam Chaek Yeong Jang and Weol Song Man Ho were once sent out in turn to inspect Ulleungdo but they were neglegent in carrying out their work. They returned after only checking the perimeter of the island only which has lead to all of this confusion. You'll have to look for more details"

Leekyuwon responded:
"I will make sure that I go further inside to check. Some say Songdo and Jukdo are East of Ulleungdo, but it's not true there are two separate islands of Songdo and Jukdo exist apart from Songjukdo."

To this the king asked:
"Have you ever heard from any of those who came back after investigating Ulleungdo?"

Leekyuwon answered:
"I haven't met any of those inspectors. I just heard rough second-hand information....."

Analysis of the Document
Lee Gyuwon's Pre-Inspection Conversation With King Kojong

The above conversation gives us some understanding as to the confusion Chosun was dealing with regarding Ulleungdo's surrounding islands. It's clear the king and Leekyuwon were sourcing their information differently while the king referred to historical documents Leekyuwon was using heresay through the "grapevine" as it were.

The information is a mosaic of facts but a few things can be ascertained. One of the islands was Jukdo Island about 2.2kms from the shore of Ulleungdo and the other was almost certainly Dokdo. The island of Songjukdo was most likely Dokdo Island. As mentioned above Leekyuwon's second-hand information was that the distance to Songjukdo was 30 ri. In Chosun measurements 30 ri is about 12kms of which there are no islands even near. However in Japanese measurements about 30 ri is close to the distance to Dokdo.

The Japanese name for Dokdo was of course Songdo (撂郣) which is similar to Songjukdo. At this time about 30 percent of those living on Ulleungdo were (illegal) Japanese. The Japanese distance of 30 ri to Dokdo was also quoted in this document in 1903. Leekyuwon's information may have been a combination of Japanese and Korean facts.

Despite the long distance between these islands, the Koreans of the day still regarded both Usando and Songjukdo as part of Chosun from ancient times and as islands appended to Ulleungdo.

The image on the right is a scale refrence chart from a 19th Century Japanese map. On the top it reads (right to left) Japanese ri (塓擨郲跏) the second line has the measurement for Chosun ri (蟭雸郲跏). On the bottom is kilometers as the Japanese adopted the metric system in the 1800's. We can see a Japanese ri is about 4kms and a Chosun ri is one tenth of that distance at around 400m.

A 19th Century map showing Japanese and Korean measurments being used during this time. Kilometers are listed on the bottom line.

Leekyuwon's Ulleungdo Inspection Diary

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鐖葀擨薿舝蜺衭貒硅藶釱迼𣾴簉簳蹗蹗膧肵嬣鉥薕鋮郲讔磭呇鴗蛺硠巃礜憟欞鷾靮舕幙瀀儜疰闃蟼膧鶄橤髣邴呇潀艨繌𡘾葒哧挋砫膧葞欞豇幙巃𣿫剢菬橐膧黦鷋髣銂堙邴縎潀艨繌橐膧呇呿哢礗劖葀臛濷僨嬣檍蠆靋亄巃竷齰𠻝薳婞蛓蟼痹巃礜瀄儢礜晻艨珒鷾憟膧擩塯𦇝堙齌? 邴縎潀艨繌𡘾濆瞴甗晻巃魆甗塯剢欞膧擩豇髣齌蠯豇衎𡘾濆僗琣欞膧幙藿蕓欞豇灪嫄怀劖栲郲婟嗀袢漵睙蘦瀄枔艨磑鷾迼魶閞鵯闀崏堀栱颭呿閞葺麆杶齎摦怮豵鴥鋮晻㷨椾(瞪僥:㷨槢)鶖郣呿倎倰覅摦怮豵鋮朐晻岍抰堶謾閞颻颻闃蟼屩檓銚阺貒賟豇硅硅笭鷐鵔葞唈懟鼢欞鼛衿砫懽欞膧擩硅晻魆𤒼琣妎貒颾儢檓鼛劖颾郣齌裶栲郲婟憟𨫞賝刳珇漰椋蒆蘢痧寪渼薸儢礜𡘾讔髐薞峖鋮郲恇呇齰朐郲儢𢸶鴗儴塯堙堙酃? 歑僝僗峎呇縥擩媻衿弮媬媻堸刳巃礜憟𤒼琣妎笭鷟縎磾賝巃阺儢?鄐鶞賹窴舝岒顝瑥埭渼靸漵堀膧豇鼳謅槲珇珖巃呠菾(磁憮薹) 儢薞縎齎鋮潁剺恇嫄峖賟鋮剺儢糪齌渼赯漵幰蛺鶖儢鴢橐槲俅蜒菾(陴憮薹) 膧幙糪薞恇岍嫄峖鴥葀鋮剺巃礜礜𡘾鴀? 瘝渼赯漵擨棳糬甂槲玂騅呿撌葺濷鴥尅鶖堶

鐖痼擨挶啋舝蜺衭粢崝箵栳崞娵靮懽邴塯魆寣嬣塯痼惎瑂襓椾蘢寑寑枆渼擩懘郣蜉茛抶鋮痼薱塯𦇝窴緺堙𢸶鱢栲郲擩婟咥蒻蘢薣頇礿憟娵欞鋮畾郲膧擩鶖堶珙蒻╠槢呿黼撌嬣闀鉊苭巃饁懟竷儢鋮珒檓郣猼茛帢疐𡘾礸硠蛺呇呿龢艂岍蹗渼嫄秸𨗴呇璅蚧紶鼫舝翿痚笭儢屩欞鉥枔齌茖嚝僽矦厗裺渼懟謻巃堀媺嗀葯潜蹗蹗嶷蜄儢葞欞迼樿醙鷾娵𨫞刳珇呇縎哢礗醙鶖磪渿簏僗(僝?)潀鋮擨欥巃鵃擨棳皊甂槲漰釱巃忺

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鐖趥擨簏薞簉巃鷾𨫞壨珂畯椾靮鉥泬葞堙爦椋薞趥籇恇擩籇裛巃魆豇擨塓玿撂郣虴阺晱鶵鴥珒鴥篘鋮葀擨髣哿蘙蠁呤巃咥濆魶嬣渮蚐貒擩豇硅痀椋蒆蘢鍌蝔棴聜嚝跗錸僽巃忺蠯擩鉌幙笭崘謺崘渼冓迼齌塯渼𡘾儢齌茖堸繸廑𨫞菢𤨨槲銚阺巃忺渼嬣呇渮渼礜呇怢粢跗樈弇儢蟼𦬓葀潀郲栛 ?迼壨珂畯鷾豇椾渼靮哤髣儵酃媺僿杻琲嫄岊裶沶儢蜺葎鋿鷾靮㷨槢鶖郣呿倎珙踼摦怮豵鴥鋮鴥晻抰堶謾閞悃藦岒堳楙孮闃蟼矰縎糬甂

鐖齎擨𨫞鄐儢𦬓貒葀硅啎葀漵屩檓銚阺礜晻魆阺鷾舝笭哿洬擨蛷銦鄐楙孮闃蟼儢皊甂槲髣𣿫巃忺

鐖齰擨贄鉥忺幙泬儢𦬓貒硅啎漵渼猼糑燝𦬓葀鋮郲栛迼幙𣆥龢珂畯鷾劖衿鐖閞祰竷憟畷鉥潳尨郣䣝槲鉥跗葞擨鴢棳糬甂槲鶖堶

鐖朐擨舕幙瀀𨫞鄐儢𦬓鋮潁郲繨卄椋珂畯檡椾?跗𡘾𡘾蛷蛷挋挋哧哧嫄呇蒤堀颻颻闃蟼峖豇𣆥龢珂畯貣蠾珂畯𣾴簉巃魶閞鵯崋鷾洘萿塯巃㶴濆萿貥豇髣巃𦇝窴秜? 囔鱣巃鷁鷁栭椾佫蒻蒤庥擩陊撱婩巃鉥巃潀詄繌捙堙𡘾暺嚝灚𠻝薳髣巃銂堙葯邲黦鷋髣巃磠鐎稗蘦渼猼蘢俬橐膧擩鷾晻閞蠮珂畯欬靮暷齌膧鴥幙郣𡘾濆餔橕儢韺橔𠹵鉡嵺撏葯鱢擩魆鵛郣擩魆郣减幰膧龑鵛儢鴢擨棳欞袬抰堶糬甂槲鵛髣欞

鋮擩擨挶啋舝蜺鏿俬崋舠鴗娵蠾屩捙呇鴗𦬓閞蠆蒢涫葀臙閞擩鐎恦趀

鋮葀擨凑蒢涫臗𨫞磪藟礿蠾啈豇簋楙孮糬祰鴗疰淛薴閞𤂌祰槲讔椾珂舝鷾欞袬

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撂鵛樿舝崋郣挀橩薱嬣佫鴗菬倛幙郣衿巃窴哱渼迶鍹巃呇咈橐渼𣾀郙巃穧鎏鐋晱巃擨崞邴篔襓鼛艨郲呇衁儢匊渼擩砑鉥擩巋龢鼛樿舝巃攡磞赹劖濆鱁崏巃攡藄騅蒻詘濆媖

蝂槲騝郣巃涖哱剺軘剢邴鼢 ?鯁?剢舝紸靇擨巃忺謻鍻渼廑楙迼闀郣𡘾蒤 ?窴謅棎儢膰剢貙槲湞祹葅竘恦蚸蒻詘媖箵謔黮泧縎詘餔媖瓿瀄瀄

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葞魆篔笭潀艨郲鉏縎魃絔媖騑魆蝂鳺驨磞郣坢鯦巃暀漵袬潀艨郲渼瓿魃絔濆猼魦秺膷? 爧鴗孮颾媖葞魆裛泧璅頇涫哱梒儢漵笭獑桍矰簋裏恉巃礜縎桍瀄咥窴媖騑魆咥窴鋿葞魆礜迶瘝抶巃舝葞栲郲婟恇鼛恇鋿茛渼漵呇炧剢齌漰椋蒆蘢媰騑魆栲郲婟巃舝葞頇刳珇惎呇縥蘢搕巃礜儢簏舝陊渼峖潀𦷫巃礜咁嶈藿袢藦縎嗀袢擩豇炧瓿漰椋巃蒆蘢蹖擨𦬓瘚楙孮抶釔恞鋿葞魆撏飶錁鼛葀痼竷齌栲郲婟呇縎巃鋿騑魆槲錁槲蠈撏飶鷍鼛猼栲郲婟渼呇縎巃竷憟葞魆剢婟钃呇暺潀葀詄𡚸竷魃魃膧巃瀄窴媖騑魆婟钃巃呇暺擩鴥詄媖簅呇耵趥齎竷憟葞魆窴鼛縎椥騑魆刳繻巃涖薱阺埭渼謘椾巃礜蒻縎炧瓿葞魆葟?蹇醙楙蹗簏蛺嫄瘝黺瓿媖騑魆醙鵃鼛磪渿縎潀擨欥巃鵃儢葟?蹇慖忺忺僝釱萭蒻肵鉈硠呿蒢蹗蜳簅憟葞魆橐蹇鵃爧濆騑魆幰膧魃魃龑蛺鋿葞魆剢礜撏刳繻鼛硠崘掍贄媰騑魆閞齾撌葺崋竷蒶渮巃竘膧掍贄巃錓葞魆鉹縎蕂鋿賧衈嬣竘檓黼撌謾閞媖騑魆䀄欬嬣懽竘闀縎謾閞黼峆黼圔剢魤攦堀嬣佫鴗黼撌縎颸鋿葞魆魶嬣堙爦縥巃撂郣嫄呇渼槶槲蠿騑魆蠿斿?巃袛繨槲堙爦椋裛鴗撂郣撂郣瀄簅簏闃葯爎簅憟嫄呇渼擩颻俖銹槲𨮝萛錩觶摋瘝嫄呇渼鶲裛槲擨塓魤殽僣鋿葞魆鴗颾錓槶冓槲囃逤豇蝂冓蒢葯栛憟鴗倳庥巃嫄呇擩蒢醽悒獑籪龢嫄呇悒憟騑魆鴗颾闇敁鎯鎯闇紶槲囃逤豇蝂冓蒢曒豇蝂鋿獑籇齠巃礜珙蒻襋賾侘龢爧呇崋悒媖葞魆猼茛蠯樿蠿刳繻瓿瘝摝縎呇憟騑魆繨槲刳繻敿摝儢楙孮鉬縎栛硠藋庥僝鰫窴涖呇鴗蟟竷鋿葞魆濆颾㶅礜爧嚪悒巃饡楙繸儢窴鋿騑魆爧呇楙繸媖茛閞笭嫄跂 ╮洘嫄礸芮憟葞魆籵閞╮洘渼雰蠯巃堀媰騑魆獑敿畷淛縎巃𢸶郣薱鷾渼猼鉥?紨晡鼛楙孮暺麈鋿葞魆鎯蒻鉥?紨晡巃鶲憟騑魆窴鋿

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